In a nutshell, Fourier analysis and the Fourier transform reveal that a complex waveform can be expressed as the sum of a series of sine waves of differing amplitudes. So a square, triangle, or any other wave shape that appears in the time domain can be represented by multiple different individual frequencies of varying amplitudes in the frequency domain.
This includes the waveform shapes that are created by musical instruments, ranging from sharp beats of a snare drum through to fat square wave electric guitars. Source: Lucas V. Barbosa, Wikimedia. In musical instruments, these sine waves are predominantly harmonically related, occurring at odd and even octaves multiples of the fundamental note frequency above the root note.
So for example, if you play natural C on a violin, that sounds the fundamental frequency of Hz, plus some second harmonic at Hz, third at Hz, fourth at Hz, and so on with diminishing amounts of level. Other instruments have differing relative harmonic content which creates their unique sounds.
The diagram below shows the frequency relationship differences between the sound of a piano and a violin to serve as an example. Why does this matter? Well going back to frequency response and filtering, we can now see that a non-flat response not only alters the overall representation of our music, but can change the way that individual instruments sound as well.
Taking this one step further, boosting and cutting different instrument frequencies may even end up masking or amplifying the sound of other instruments in the track. So a nonlinear frequency response can undo all the hard work that an engineer will have put into carefully mixing a track. It may not be flashy, but the Beyerdynamic DT Studio is metal as hell. By the traditional standards of HiFi, an accurate audio system is one that takes an input signal and outputs it without changing it at all.
This includes components ranging from the source audio file to digital processing and components like a DAC, right on out to the amplifier and speakers. Frequency response is just one part of this equation, but one that has a significant impact on how the output sounds and is coincidentally quite easy to measure. Related: Frequency response: Where do sounds live? Now look at Figure 2. The black line is a speaker or headphone with excellent frequency response.
Figure 3 shows what response curves look like that correspond to various commonly-used subjective descriptions. All other products or company names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respected owners. Privacy Policy Terms of Use. Recording Monitors Headphones View Accessories. Company Info Careers. Customer Help Knowledge Base. Account Create Account Sign In. Understanding Frequency Response - Why it Matters.
Nicely done. Meaningful information. Home » Connaissances audio » Tech talk — frequency response. You may also see a graph describing the frequency response. It can be either linear, straight or neutral. But what does frequency response actually mean? And how does it affect the overall sound? In the case of loudspeakers, this generally means the frequency response of the sound pressure or the amplitude frequency response.
Depending on the context, a frequency response may also relate, for example, to the distortion factor how accurately the speaker reproduces the original sound , or to the impedance the effective resistance of an electric circuit or component to alternating current. For loudspeakers, however, the frequency and the sound pressure level in decibels are the decisive variables. The measurement is usually shown in a curve.
This describes the course of the sound pressure level as a function of the reproduced sound frequency — or in simpler terms: how the volume changes depending on the sound being played.
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