Mechanism of action: Bromethalin works by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation in the brain and liver mitochondria and can result in brain swelling cerebral edema.
Common signs of poisoning: Incoordination ataxia , tremors, seizures, paralysis, and eventually death. The more an animal eats, the more severe the clinical signs may be. Signs can develop within 2 hours, but may be delayed as long as 36 hours. Thus, medical monitoring for at least 24 hours after ingestion is often necessary.
Antidote and treatment: In-hospital care for a few days may be necessary because this poison has long-lasting effects. Treatment includes decontamination administering multiple doses of activated charcoal to bind up the poison , IV fluids, and specific drugs to decrease brain swelling.
Threat: With bromethalin, cats are more sensitive than dogs. As this type of mouse and rat poison has a narrow margin of safety in all species, however, prompt therapy is needed.
Mechanism of action: Once in the stomach, this poison releases phosphine gas. Food in the stomach will increase the amount of gas produced and, therefore, increase the toxicity of the poison.
Therefore, feeding your dog after ingestion of this poison is never recommended. Common signs of poisoning: The phosphine gas produced by this poison can result in stomach bloating, vomiting, abdominal pain, shock, collapse, seizures and liver damage.
Antidote and treatment: This poison also does not have an antidote and immediate therapy should be sought by calling Pet Poison Helpline and seeking veterinary attention. Administration of antacids e.
This is followed by decontamination of the stomach through inducing vomiting or performing gastric lavage pumping the stomach.
During decontamination, care needs to be taken to prevent hospital personnel from being exposed to the gas. Given the potential risk this gas poses for people, vomiting is best induced by veterinary professionals not dog owners in a well-ventilated area or outdoors.
Threat: The toxic dose is very small and nearly all patients ingesting this poison need to be examined by a veterinarian to determine if treatment is necessary. Your dog or cat could develop rat bait poisoning if they eat rat bait directly or if they eat tissue from an animal that has consumed rat bait. The clinical signs of rat bait poisoning vary considerably depending on the size of your dog or cat, and how much and what kind of rat bait they ingested.
There are different kinds of rat bait available; the most common are anti-coagulant poisons that stop blood from clotting normally, resulting in excessive bleeding. The development of clinical signs is usually delayed for days after the dog or cat consumes the poison. If you have any concerns about your pet please contact your vet as soon as possible. Rat bait poisoning can be treated, but the chance of recovery depends on how severely the dog or cat is affected, amount of bait consumed, and what kind of bait they ate.
Seeking veterinary treatment as soon as possible is critical, with many needing prolonged treatment due to the lingering effects of the baits. The best mouse poison for your pest problem depends on the location of the infestation, the speed of treatment, and, most importantly, the presence of pets or kids.
Know that some poisons take almost a week to kill a mouse , and, if the dead rodent is consumed by a pet or another animal, the poison can be transferred. The products below were selected as the best mouse poison available in each respective category based on poison type, product efficacy, and overall value. Consider these important product factors and how they apply to your mouse problem. Mouse poison comes in three main types or forms: pellets, chunks, and refillable or disposable bait stations.
The quantity of poison needed for your infestation depends on the size of the infestation, the size of the affected area, and the frequency of infestation. Mouse poison pellets and mouse poison chunks can be found in a range of quantities from small, 3-ounce packages to large buckets weighing more than 18 pounds. Bait stations come in single or multi-pack options. The number of bait stations can range from a single station to full building treatments with more than 20 disposable bait traps in a pack.
The active ingredient in a mouse poison determines how the poison acts inside the system of the mouse and how it ultimately kills the mouse. The length of time it takes for a mouse poison to kill the mouse after it has ingested a lethal dose is known as the working time of a mouse poison.
Most mouse poisons can work just as well against a variety of other rodents including moles, rats, squirrels, chipmunks, and field voles. If you know you have a mouse problem and suspect other rodents trying to take up residence in your home, then a broad spectrum poison is a great way to treat both issues at the same time.
The dosage requirements will differ between species due to size differences and other species-specific variations that can change the way the poison is ingested or activated. Whenever you use a poison, or any other dangerous pest solution, safety should be a primary concern, especially when children or pets are involved. Most mouse poisons are made with broad spectrum toxins that are dangerous to humans and other animals.
Even those made to be pet- and child-safe are not good to ingest; consult a Poison Control Center immediately if they are accidentally eaten. Secondary poisoning risks to birds and mammals 2 Rodenticide Secondary risk to birds Secondary risk to mammals Warfarin low risk low risk Chlorophacinone low risk high risk Diphacinone moderate risk high risk Bromadiolone moderate risk high risk Difethialone high risk high risk Brodifacoum high risk high risk Bromethalin low risk based on limited evidence low risk based on limited evidence Cholecalciferol low risk based on limited evidence low risk based on limited evidence Zinc phosphide low risk low risk Strychnine 17,24 possible insufficient data possible insufficient data Single-dose anticoagulants pose a greater risk to animals that eat poisoned rodents.
References: Analysis of rodenticide bait use ; U. Erickson, W. Tomlin, C. Campbell, A. Anticoagulant rodenticides.
Handbook of poisoning in dogs and cats ; Blackwell Science: Oxford, England, ; pp Murphy, M. Small Animal Toxicology, 2nd ed. Louis, MO, ; pp , Watt, B. Roder, J. Veterinary Toxicology ; Butterworth Heinemann: Boston, ; pp 84, , Rumbeiha, W.
Louis, MO, ; pp Reigart, J. Miscellaneous rodenticides: Red squill and cholecalciferol. Recognition and Management of Pesticide Poisonings, 5th ed.
Albretsen, J. Zinc phosphide. Clinical Veterinary Toxicology ; Plumlee, K. Talcott, P. Means, C. Dorman, D. Small Animal Toxicology ; Peterson, M. Pasquale-Styles, M. Fatal bromethalin poisoning. Forensic Sci.
Morrow, C. Knight, M. Saravanan, K. Evaluation of secondary poisoning of difethialone, a new second-generation anticoagulant rodenticide to barn owl, Tyto alba Hartert under captivity.
Indian J. Schmutz, J. Hazards to raptors from strychnine poisoned ground squirrels. Raptor Res. Eason, C. Assessment of risks of brodifacoum to non-target birds and mammals in New Zealand. Warfarin 3,6. Chlorphacinone 4. Diphacinone 4.
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